What is an EUR.1 certificate?
The EUR.1 movement certificate is a proof of origin that shows which country goods are considered to originate in under the preferential origin rules, so that a reduced or zero customs duty can be applied in the countries concerned. It is used in trade with countries with which Türkiye has a free trade agreement and, in trade with the EU, for products outside the scope of the A.TR certificate.
What is the difference between the EUR.1 and the A.TR?
In one sentence: the EUR.1 is an origin document and the A.TR is a status document. The EUR.1 proves which country the goods are considered to originate in under the rules of the agreement and makes preferential customs duty possible; the A.TR shows that the goods are in free circulation within the Türkiye–EU Customs Union and does not look at the place of production. The EUR.1 is needed in two areas: in Türkiye's trade with countries with which it has a free trade agreement, and, in trade with the European Union, for products that fall outside the A.TR, that is, agricultural products outside the Customs Union and the coal and iron and steel items on the ECSC list. Being outside the scope on the agricultural side is not limited to raw products; see the A.TR page for the detail. The same exporter sometimes issues an A.TR and sometimes an EUR.1 depending on the item sent; the choice depends not on the firm's preference but on the tariff code of the goods (see HS code) and the country of destination.
How are the origin rules determined?
Origin is determined not by where goods are shipped from but by where they underwent sufficient production. There are two basic criteria. If the product is wholly obtained in the country, for example products of mining, agriculture or hunting, origin is acquired directly. If non-originating inputs were used, the product must have undergone the working and processing written in the list rule annexed to the agreement. List rules are product-specific and typically require a change of tariff heading, the value of non-originating inputs to stay below a certain share of the ex-works price, or a specific production operation. Operations such as packaging, labelling, dusting, simple assembly and the simple mixing of different products, on the other hand, are insufficient and do not confer origin on their own.
What is cumulation, and what is it for?
Cumulation makes it easier for a product to acquire origin by allowing inputs from another party to the agreement to count as originating. In bilateral cumulation only the two parties count; in diagonal cumulation several countries in the chain are taken into account, so that a production that cannot meet the sufficient-processing condition alone can still obtain preferential origin. Türkiye applies this system through the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean (PEM) Regional Convention. The revised PEM rules entered into force on their own on 1 January 2026; because the period of parallel application with the old rules ended on 31 December 2025, a single set of rules now applies in each bilateral relationship. According to the update of the PEM matrix by the Ministry of Trade dated 20 May 2026, the transition to the revised rules has been completed in fifteen of Türkiye's sixteen preferential arrangements; the only arrangement continuing under the old rule set is Tunisia. Diagonal cumulation requires all countries in the chain to apply the same version of the rules.
When is an origin declaration used instead of the EUR.1?
An origin declaration proves origin by a text written on the invoice or a commercial document, without issuing a certificate. For shipments whose value is below 6,000 euros, any exporter can make this declaration; for shipments above 6,000 euros, only approved exporters authorised by the customs administration can issue it. The validity of the declaration is the same as that of the EUR.1: ten months from the date of issue in trade under the revised PEM rules, and four months in free trade agreements outside PEM. The advantage is clear for firms that ship frequently in small amounts: because the chamber approval and the customs endorsement are not awaited, paperwork is shorter and the administrative load per shipment falls. In return, responsibility rests entirely with the exporter; in a later origin check, the production and input records that support the declaration have to be produced.
Who issues the EUR.1, and how long is it valid?
The exporter fills in the EUR.1, the chamber of commerce or industry to which the exporter belongs checks and approves it, and the customs administration endorses it; the certificate becomes valid only with the endorsement. The chamber's review is not a formality: compliance with the origin rules is questioned on the basis of the attached production and supply documents. The presentation period depends on the set of rules: in trade under the revised PEM rules the certificate must be presented to the customs administration of the importing country within ten months of the endorsement date, a period raised from four months to ten on 1 January 2026. For free trade agreements outside PEM the classic four-month period continues to apply, and the four-month period of the A.TR is not affected by this change. An EUR.1 can also be obtained after the goods have been shipped; in that case the words "ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY" are entered in box 7, "Remarks". Under the revised PEM there are country-specific differences in the additional wording to be entered on the certificate; for example, as of 6 March 2026 the EFTA countries and Bosnia and Herzegovina have unilaterally lifted the obligation of the cumulation wording, limited to their own import operations.
Which origin or movement document is used in which trade
| Trade direction / goods |
Document used |
What it proves |
| EU: industrial and processed agricultural products |
A.TR movement certificate |
Free circulation status |
| EU: agricultural products outside the Customs Union |
EUR.1 or origin declaration |
Preferential origin |
| EU: ECSC coal and iron and steel products |
EUR.1 or origin declaration |
Preferential origin |
| Countries with a free trade agreement |
EUR.1 or origin declaration |
Preferential origin |
| Free trade agreement shipment below 6,000 euros |
Origin declaration on the invoice |
Preferential origin |
| Countries without a preferential agreement |
Certificate of origin |
Non-preferential origin |
Frequently asked questions
Can an EUR.1 be obtained for a product that is not made in Türkiye?
It can, but only if the product has undergone sufficient working and processing in Türkiye. If production uses imported inputs, the product must meet the list rule annexed to the agreement, such as a change of tariff heading or a share of non-originating inputs below the threshold. An EUR.1 cannot be issued for a product that is only packed, labelled or simply mixed in Türkiye.
How is the 6,000 euro threshold for an origin declaration assessed?
The threshold is assessed on the value of the originating products in the shipment. Below this amount any exporter can write an origin declaration on the invoice; above it only firms with approved exporter status can issue the declaration. A firm without that status has to issue an EUR.1 movement certificate for shipments above the threshold.
How long is an EUR.1 valid?
In preferential trade under the revised PEM rules, the EUR.1 and the origin declaration must be presented to the customs of the importing country within ten months of the date of issue; this period was raised from four months to ten on 1 January 2026. For free trade agreements outside PEM the classic four-month period applies. The four-month period of the A.TR movement certificate comes from a separate regulation and has not changed.
Does an EUR.1 remove customs duty automatically?
No. The EUR.1 only proves origin; the rate to be applied is set by the agreement concerned. For some products the duty is removed, for others a quota or a reduced rate applies, and some items fall outside the agreement. Before pricing, the tariff code of the product and the concession list of the agreement with the country of destination should be checked together.
Can an EUR.1 be used in place of an A.TR?
If free-circulation status has to be proved for an industrial product sent to the EU, the EUR.1 does not replace the A.TR; in that area an A.TR is issued. The EUR.1 proves origin and makes a preferential rate possible, but it does not meet the status-based operation of the Customs Union. The two documents answer different legal questions.